Importance of Selectivity in Chemistry

Importance of Selectivity in ChemistryThe importance of selectivity in the science of chemistry is recognized by some experts. Chemistry selectivity defines a particular nature of the chemistry, rather than the quality of a substance or its properties. It gives emphasis on the properties of a substance as it is studied and not the quantity.It is significant to note that chemical substances are defined according to their scientific names and not by physical properties. The principal function of the selectivity is to make the process of examination very interesting. To understand the specific principles of the selectivity, one must know about the three types of selectivity. These types are:The first type is heat selectivity. It refers to the amount of heat produced by the substance at a specific temperature. The study of this category can be explained using the example of wood. It can be described as a substance which can be heated to a high temperature, which would be detrimental to i ts properties.The second type is a weak base, which means that it has no proton. This type of material is defined as non-polar.The third type is non-polar non-selective. It is used to describe a substance which is not polar and doesn't have a specific acidity.Properties of a substance can be measured through an analysis known as spectroscopy. The terms reflect the methods used for studying the properties of substances. Selectivity means the phenomenon of analyzing a substance in order to evaluate its chemical structure. The existence of specific properties or the absence of properties is determined through observation.The study of thermodynamic selectivity is vital in the science of chemistry. It means that the chemical properties of a substance can be increased or decreased depending on its temperature. This implies that the substance exhibits stoichiometry, a well-known property of thermodynamics.Chemistry is based on the functions of the chemistry, the characteristics of the prop erties of the structures. It all boils down to the concept of selectivity. In the framework of this science, the role of the selectivity can be clarified.

Learn About Mass to Mass Mole Conversions

Learn About Mass to Mass Mole ConversionsChemical mole transformations have given rise to the concept of mass to mass mole conversions. This concept is vital in the process of chemical analysis, it helps in the conversion of mass to mass.This is because mass can be expressed in terms of mass and the other units. So, when a mass can be expressed in terms of different units it is very easy to convert that mass into another. This concept in its basic form has been used to help in the conversion of other types of compounds also.A scientist, who studies the chemical analysis, has to be well versed with all the units involved in the study of chemistry. It would not be possible for him to do his work without having knowledge of these units. To understand better how mass can be converted into mass, it is necessary to study the concepts behind such conversions.So, when scientists analyze the data of any compound and take an opinion about its chemical composition, they should be aware of the v alue of conversion to mass. As the value of mass for a substance might differ from one experiment to another, it is necessary for them to convert the weight into mass. This can be done with the help of another unit called mole. The value of a mole can be defined as mass times unit of weight.Once the mass of the substance is known, it becomes easy to convert it into the other units like grams, gallons, liters, kilograms etc. The units of mass can be determined easily if the quantity is taken in the right proportion. Once the proportion is found out then it is possible to convert the whole mass into one more mass which is termed as mass to mass.Once the conversion theory is understood, then it becomes very easy to convert the substance into various types of substances. The chemical analysis of any substance can be easily done by using the principle of mass to mass conversion. The chemist has to first analyze the compound and then find out the value of mass.In such conversions, the mol e ratio is also taken into consideration. Once the value of mass has been found out, then it becomes easy to convert it into the appropriate chemical analysis unit.

Chemistry For Environmental Engineering And Science - An Overview

Chemistry For Environmental Engineering And Science - An OverviewIf you want to enter a world where your passion is to create, there is only one way to do it: get yourself an education in the environment, chemistry for environmental engineering and science. Even if you are not much concerned about the environment, you should find this field fascinating. It will open up a new world of possibilities for you.At the first level, environmental engineering is where you will study many things related to pollution. You will discover how to stop pollution using different technologies. This field is important as it aims to solve the problem of pollutants in the environment. Aside from that, you will also find many other things in which you can take part in.Because of the rising number of cases of pollution, the industries are starting to look for alternatives. They are looking at the most promising ones and are now willing to work with the best. The main things to consider when looking for the se alternative solutions are the finances, the availability of manpower, and the credibility of the solution.The perfect solution for most of the situations is the creation of a synthetic environment. Synthetic environmental solutions come in various forms: environmental compounds, petrochemicals, and solid oxide fuels (SOF). Some of the known chemicals that can be used in this area are of the toxic kind, while some of the alternatives are environmentally friendly.Chemistry for environmental engineering and science is not as simple as it looks. The problem is that there are a lot of parameters to be taken into account. There are even more problems when it comes to managing different problems that would put the human population into danger.One must have the unique knowledge of the chemicals that are used in the manufacturing of solutions. By specializing in this field, you would definitely stand a good chance of getting jobs in environmental engineering or science in many of the indu strial facilities and offices around the world.The opportunities in the field of environmental engineering and science are pretty great. By taking the right steps you can really improve your chances of getting a job in the field.

Crash Course Biology - Basic Information About Protein Synthesis

Crash Course Biology - Basic Information About Protein SynthesisThere is a lot of information out there about how proteins are made and what they do. But have you really understood the real importance of proteins? It is because of the discovery of protein synthesis that we can survive on earth. Proteins are important for our body's energy production, biological defense, and can be modified to suit the needs of the body.Our human body requires around three hundred proteins for it to function correctly. The structure of proteins has always been a mystery and this is why it is so difficult to produce new proteins. The human body needs a different pattern for protein synthesis than other species, and this is where biotechnology comes in.A new protein can be synthesized by synthetic biology by using the genetic code and modifying certain amino acids. When it comes to developing proteins for the body, they are more complex and it can be hard to make the right genetic changes to make a prot ein suitable for humans. This is where biotechnology comes in. The challenge is making new proteins, but then if a new one is produced, it means new genes are present in the genome.These genes have the capacity to translate the genetic code into proteins. Now it is possible to create new proteins by combining different amino acids, proteins and DNA. This is called molecular biology. Protein synthesis using molecular biology is a growing trend in the field of science.In biotechnology, it is common to use simple molecules like DNA as the material to create and test proteins. New proteins can be made by combining multiple proteins together. The time taken to perform the process depends on the quantity of proteins required.There are different techniques used in making new proteins such as forcing them into simpler shape and then reshaping them using specific chemicals. Many times, biotechnology and synthetic biology take longer to make the proteins, and then it takes longer for the prot eins to be beneficial for the body.New protein synthesis can be used in medicines, nutrition supplements, and even cosmetic products. Different companies are in constant competition with each other to find out which technique will yield the best results. The time taken to make the new protein or any other ingredient is crucial in every industry.

Finding percent

Finding percent Calculating the percentage is one of the basic and important operations in mathematics. Percentage means per hundred. The symbol used for percentage is given by %. The whole quantity of any substance is the hundred percent (100%) of the whole substance. The fifty percent (50%) of the substance is half of the whole quantity. Similarly twenty five percent (25%) of the substance is one fourth of the whole quantity. Therefore the percentage signifies the portion of the given substance or quantity. A percentage can be converted to a fraction and vice-versa. Example 1: Sam has 64 red and green pencils. If he has 16 red pencils find the percentage of green pencils he has? Solution: The total number of the pencils Sam has = 64. Number of red pencils = 16. (The remaining will be green) Hence number of green pencils = 64 16 = 48. The percent or the green pencils = number of green pencils/ Total number x 100. The percent of green pencils = 48 /60 * 100 = 480/6 = 60 %. Hence 60% of the pencils Sam has are green. Question: Multiple choice question (Pick the correct option.) What is the 20% of 720? a) 720 b) 20 c) 144 d) None of these. Correct answer: option c. The given number = 720. The percentage of the number to be found = 20%. The 20% can be written as 20/100. The 20% of 720 further gives: 720 x 20/100 = 720/5 = 144. Hence the answer is = 144.

Sign Language

Sign Language What Everyone Should Know About Sign Language ChaptersThe Advantages of Learning Sign LanguageFinding Sign Language ClassesResources and Apps to Learn Sign LanguageTips to Help You Learn Sign LanguageUnless you live in a very small town and never watch the telly, you have surely laid eyes on people who, through gestures and facial expression, enjoy lively conversation.Well, at least it looks lively; certainly livelier than mere speaking.Indeed, sign language is a fairly energetic undertaking; it involves much of your body â€" not just hands and arms.Wouldn’t you like to know how complex ideas can be conveyed without uttering a single word? How about being able to understand the concepts illustrated by those fluid gestures?Learning to sign involves equal parts of making the correct movements and building receptive skills â€" correctly ‘receiving’ the ideas conveyed through gestures and expressions.Sign language is communication on a whole different level, one that hearing people seem little aware of. And if there is awarene ss, it is more of an abstract variety.For hearing people and for much of the world, sign language is what deaf people do, just like Chinese people speak Chinese and French people speak French.Bet you didn’t know that there is a French sign language for French people who are deaf!There is so much about deaf culture, deaf history and the deaf community that the average person hasn’t even considered.Your Superprof hopes to remedy that situation by showing you how learning to sign can benefit you even if you are not hearing-impaired. We’d also like to point you to classes for learning sign language, and tips and resources so you can learn better and faster.Put on your noise-cancelling headphones and read on! £30,000 per year, that the job often involves travel (usually at your clients’ expense) and that you will always learn new things.We’d like to put a very personal reason for learning how to sign in the spotlight.When infants arch their backs, they are communicating that th ey want to be picked them up. Clearly, this baby wants something; could baby signing unlock that mystery? Image by joffi from PixabayIf you have ever been around a baby that’s even a couple of months old, you might have witnessed such a thing: the child, laying on its back, looks up at the adult face hovering over him (he can’t really see at that stage), and arches his back.Isn’t it remarkable how much easier that makes it to slide your hands under and lift him?If you are around babies a lot or if you have a baby, you must have noticed that your child learned early how to communicate: this cry means ‘hungry’ and that one means ‘nappy change, please!’All of this early communication is a subject of much wonder and awe… but what does the average parent do with it? Besides cherishing, nothing. We wait for a year for our children to become verbal.That is a lot of wasted time.If you want to see for yourself how powerful and influential sign language can be, why not teach your child baby sign language?St udies have shown that children who were taught to sign as babies generally perform better in school, suffer lower levels of stress, are more confident and can express themselves better.Sign language offers you those same benefits, along with those you might enjoy by learning any other language.You will find yourself multi-tasking like a pro, thinking at lightning speed and delighting in the boost to your memory. You will become more focused, with unparalleled attention to detail and still have brainpower to spare.Can you imagine how these advantages of learning sign language will play out in your career?Finding Sign Language ClassesWhether you are excited at the prospect of signing for your child or yourself, the best way to learn sign language is to take a sign language course.You might think you could hop on Duolingo or any other language learning app or website and get plenty of instruction to learn sign language; there are three main reasons that you shouldn’t.Will you learn t he right sign language?How will you know you’re signing correctly?  How can you develop the needed receptive skills?You may have already tried typing ‘learn sign language’ into your favourite search engine and, surely, you’ve gotten many returns. Do any of them specifically say British sign language or BSL?Most likely, unless you specified you wanted to learn BSL, most â€" if not all of the hits returned were for ASL or American sign language. In fact, those sites may not even specify that their materials are for American sign!You might wonder how different those languages could be; after all, both countries speak mainly English.Let us assure you that even the alphabets are not the same and, as radically different as they are, you couldn’t so much as finger-spell your name and be understood in Britain!Even if you searched specifically for BSL lessons online, you may learn quite a bit but, with nobody to sign with or to, how will you determine that you are communicating cor rectly?And what about interpreting what someone else is signing? If you get no practice conversing in sign, you may never be able to hold a conversation with someone who is deaf or hard of hearing.That is why your Superprof stands firm on taking a sign language class, where you can meet fellow signers, learn all of the vocabulary particular to your area â€" yes, sign language is regional, just like spoken dialect is.We’ve highlighted some of the best courses in the country in our companion article. You can find plenty of resources online to help you learn your second language, just be sure you select BSL apps! Image by Gerd Altmann from PixabayResources and Apps to Learn Sign LanguageIf you are keen to start signing as soon as possible, you only have one recourse: practise as often as you can.You could stand in front of a mirror for hours on end, holding conversations with your reflection or you could make use of the very best resource available to anyone learning to sign.Why not enjoy the warm welcome that the deaf community provides?All across the UK, there are deaf clubs where people get together, often socially but sometimes for a specific purpose â€" think ‘England Deaf Football’, for a convivial evening of signing and fun. Anyone who can sign, hearing or not, is welcome to join them.The deaf and hard of hearing are truly your best help for learning sign language (and they’re great people to be around, too!) but there are more resources for you.You might want a sign language dictionary to download to your phone or watch some sign language videos between classes, just to pick up on particular facial expressions that go with certain signs or that are associated uniquely with sign languages.You may even want to find some fingerspelling exercises and games so you can practise that skills set!All of that can be had online, with one caveat: make sure you are targeting British sign language resources, not some foreign language!Perhaps it would be best to check out the resources and apps we found… During your sign language studies, you might consider a fun night out with your local deaf club Image by Ira Lee Nesbitt from PixabayTips to Help You Learn Sign LanguageWe leave you now with some ideas to consider as you learn this visual language.The first, most vital tip to learning how to sign is to abandon the idea that signing is only for deaf people.In fact, it would be a good idea to educate yourself about deafness â€" for instance, did you know that deaf people, for the most part, do not particularly want to become 'hearing'?You might spend some time with deaf students to see how their lessons are taught and learn about deaf education in general.Learning sign language without immersing yourself into the deaf community is a little like learning French without ever going to France or having any exposure to French culture, French people or French society.You can learn the words but, without understanding the culture, your expressions will lack depth and you will surely miss out on the context of what is being said.By the same token, don’t just learn the sign language alphabet and claim you can sign; that’s a bit like someone who says they speak French and then blurts out the famous line from the Lady Marmelade song…Besides ridding yourself of preconceived notions about deaf people and immersing yourself into the deaf community, we offer these tips:Understand what sign language is: this expressive, gestural form of communication is not a word-for-word translation of your native languageBeware of online tutorials; they may not be in British sign languageChoose your teacher well: some prefer an instructor who can speak and sign; others contend it is better to have a deaf instructor who has been signing since childhoodPractise every day by seeking opportunities to engage with the deaf community: talk with deaf children, go to deaf club meetings and participate in activities with people who are deaf and hard of hearing.Whatever your reason(s) for taking u p sign language â€" because someone in your circle or your hearing demands it, you’ve been studying linguistics or because you are simply interested in language acquisition, we applaud you and encourage your studies by offering more tips for learning sign language.Won’t you let us know how your language studies are coming along?

A Student Review of Columbia University

A Student Review of Columbia University The tutors behind Varsity Tutors are not just here to teach theyre sharing their college experiences as well. Alastair is studying history at Columbia University. He lives in Cleveland and specializes in European history tutoring, world history tutoring, and literature tutoring, among other subjects. See what he had to say about his experience at Columbia University: Describe the campus setting and transportation options at Columbia University. Alastair: Columbia is located in Morningside Heights, a neighborhood bordering the Upper West Side of New York City that affords relatively easy access to the immense cultural riches and professional opportunities of the metropolis while still retaining a relaxed, collegial atmosphere. Although there are few skyscrapers in the vicinity and the area is less densely populated than New York as a whole, Morningside Heights is still a diverse, vibrant subsection of Manhattan that has a distinct culture from the university itself. For undergraduates, a car or bike is totally unnecessary anywhere within the five boroughs of the city is accessible by bus or subway, while the classes are all within a seven- to ten-minute walk of the dorms. There is a large and available contingent of public safety officers patrolling campus constantly, along with identification card checks at dorms, libraries and the gym, so safety within the self-contained Columbia bubble is assured. Outside, in New York, s tudents should exercise common sense with the awareness that while crime has trended at all-time lows in recent years, caution is always necessary in a megacity. How available are the professors, academic advisers, and teaching assistants? Alastair:The availability of professors is almost entirely dependent on their seniority, their publishing schedule and reputation within the broader academic world, the size of the class, and a students standing. Upperclassmen typically receive more attention due to the more pressing nature of their job and graduate school searches. This varies from professor to professor, but faculty with high public profiles are less likely to quickly respond to emails, give feedback about grades, or permit unrelated conversation during office hours. Younger professors, those teaching core classes, and teaching assistants are almost always well-qualified and friendly, but as is the case at any university, faculty expect communication with students to be concise and class-related. Academic advisers can be helpful, but also may not proactively reach out to students during important deadline periods. In general, the schools administration is massive and somewhat unwieldy, but its inefficiency is maske d by the brilliance of individual professors. How would you describe the dorm life rooms, dining options, location, socialization opportunities with other students? Alastair:The quality of the dorms varies significantly between buildings and at different class levels. There is some belief among undergraduates that the administration reserves higher quality housing for freshman, foists dramatically less-appealing dorms on sophomores and juniors, and ratchets the quality back up for seniors who would otherwise be more tempted to live off campus. The vast majority of students do end up staying on campus for all four years, given the desire to live with friends and avoid expensive New York rent rates. Dorms do implicitly cater to different demographics, as outlined in annual features by the schools two major undergraduate publications, Bwog and the Columbia Daily Spectator. Freshmen looking to socialize often take doubles or triples in Carman Hall, while the most studious types end up in Furnald, and students looking for singles spend their first year in John Jay. The dining options are acceptable but will excite few gourmands John Jay Hall and Fer ris Dining Hall emphasize buffet-style ready meals with some stations. The food is rotated on a predictable calendar and is seemingly heavy on leftovers. Socialization, again, is up to the individual student. Which majors/programs are best represented and supported at Columbia University? Alastair:Columbias majors are excellent almost to a fault. Academically, the university will not disappoint you. However, while many of the humanities majors are well-resourced, this is not true for the creative writing department, which struggles to retain faculty and provide sufficient courses to meet demand. I am still in the process of deciding my major, and the difficulty of registering for courses in highly sought after and relatively underfunded majors does complicate that decision-making process. How easy or difficult was it for you to meet people and make friends as a freshman? Does Greek life play a significant role in the campus social life? Alastair:Meeting people in your dorms is the easiest option, but clubs and political groups will probably sustain more durable, meaningful relationships in the long term. Classes also offer another way to meet people, and Columbians shouldnt forget about the millions of residents of the city and thousands of other university students available to befriend. Structured social events like football games are not a major part of campus life, especially because athletics tend to disappoint on the field. Greek life comprises only 14 percent of undergraduates, but nonetheless strongly supports the social scene, particularly during Homecoming weekend, the spring Bacchanal concert, Halloween and other major social events. How helpful is the Career Centerand other student support services? Alastair:The Center for Career Education is a great resource for students interested in the finance industry, which it collaborates closely with to coordinate interviews for students applying for internships and jobs. Most students do ultimately attain employment or enter graduate school upon finishing their degree, and the high mid-career earnings of Columbia graduates speak for themselves. Consultants can be conveniently scheduled to assist with resume revising, internship and job applications or career counselling. How are the various study areas such aslibraries, the student union, and dorm lounges? Alastair:Butler Library, at the heart of campus, is the largest undergraduate library in the country and offers six pristine marble floors and fifteen levels of molded wooden stacks for students to study in. Predictably, the grim reality of exam week renders this inviting exterior somewhat less thrilling as literally thousands of students spread out through the library system, causing seating shortages not only in Butler but in the architecture, law, and engineering libraries that are most sought after. Savvy students can generally find a seat any time. Most people avoid dorm lounges given the difficulty of studying in a loud environment, and some do cloister themselves in quieter parts of the student union. Describe the surrounding town. Alastair:New York is the major reason for Columbias decentralized social scene, as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, MOMA, the United Nations, Broadway, Times Square and multiple other major universities are all an easy subway ride away. The quality and quantity of cultural institutions is astounding, as is the difficulty of extricating oneself from the academic and extracurricular ties that seem to bind students to campus. Going downtown is logistically simple but complicated by the intense workload, in and outside the classroom. Nightlife is inaccessible to underclassmen but, particularly in the summer, a major draw for juniors and seniors. How big or small is the student body at Columbia University? Were you generally pleased or displeased with the typical class sizes? Alastair:There are just over 8,000 undergraduate students divided between the four schools: Columbia College (CC), General Studies (GS), Barnard College and the School for Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS). Of these, Columbia College is the largest and most well-known; SEAS the best resourced and integrated socially with CC; Barnard the most independent in terms of identity, given its history as a womens college, and GS the most separate from campus, as many of the non-traditional GS students have ongoing careers or family commitments that require them to live in apartments. Class sizes in terms of seminars and discussion sections are well-apportioned and students will not be lost in the crowd. Describe one memorable experience with a professor and/or class. Perhaps one you loved the most or one youregretthe most. Alastair:During my first week of classes, my International Relations class received an email informing us that our professor, Kimberly Marten, would be making an appearance on PBS. This was in addition to her many articles that fall in publications like Foreign Affairs covering the war in Ukraine, the character of the Putin regime and NATOs role in the crisis. It was a typical display of the credibility with which the university and its faculty are regarded by the outside world and the microscope on the intellectual and political life of our campus. Check out Alastairs tutoring profile. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of Varsity Tutors.